As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
随着城市的不断膨胀，居住在城市地区的人们要找到接近自然的地方变得越来越困难。如果你很幸运，可能住在附近有一个小公园，但要在城市中找到相对野生的地方是不太常见的。

Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
以往的研究已经发现了自然对人类健康和幸福的好处，但一项新研究表明城市地区的野生环境对人类的幸福感非常重要。

The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.”
研究团队专注于一个大型城市公园。他们对几百名公园游客进行了调查，要求他们在线提交与公园内自然互动相关的有意义互动的写作总结。然后研究人员检查了这些提交，将体验编码为不同的类别。例如，一个参与者的体验“我们坐在海滩上听浪声”被归类为“坐在海滩上”和“听海浪声”。

Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
通过对320份提交内容的编码，研究人员发现了一种他们称之为“自然语言”的模式。在对所有提交内容进行编码后，半打类别被注意到，这些类别被访客认为最重要。其中包括遇见野生动物，沿着水域边缘行走，以及沿着已建立的小径行走。

Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
给每种自然体验命名可以创建出可用的语言，有助于人们认识和参与那些对他们最令人满意和有意义的活动。例如，沿着水域边缘行走的体验可能对周末在公园进行徒步旅行的年轻专业人士来说很满意。在工作日的市中心，他们可以在午休时间沿着喷泉散步，体验更多家庭化形式的互动。

“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study
“我们正试图产生一种能够帮助将人与大自然的互动重新带回日常生活中的语言。为了实现这一点，我们还需要保护大自然，以便我们可以与之互动，”该研究的一位高级作者Peter Kahn表示。

1. What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text?
   A. Pocket parks are now popular. B. Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
   C. Many cities are overpopulated. D. People enjoy living close to nature.
   答案：B

2. Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories?
   A. To compare different types of park-goers. B. To explain why the park attracts tourists.
   C. To analyze the main features of the park. D. To find patterns in the visitors’summaries.
   答案：D

3. What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5?
   A. Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
   B. Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
   C. The same nature experience takes different forms.
   D. The nature language enhances work performance.
   答案：C

4. What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn?
   A. Language study. B. Environmental conservation.
   C. Public education. D. Intercultural communication.
   答案：B