AMONG THE INNUMERABLE CATEGORIES into which it is possible to classify the phenomena of life, one may classify them all into such as are dominated by matter and such as are dominated by form. —
在能够将生活现象分类的无数类别中，可以将它们分为受物质主导和受形式主导的类别。 —

To the latter class one may refer the life of Petersburg, especially in its drawing-rooms, as distinguished from the life of the country, of the district, of the province, or even of Moscow. —
在后者的类别中，可以把圣彼得堡的生活，特别是在它的客厅里，与农村、地区、省份甚至莫斯科的生活相区分开来。 —

That life of the drawing-rooms is unchanging.
客厅里的生活是不变的。

Between the years 1805 and 1812 we had made peace with Bonaparte and quarrelled with him again; —
在1805年和1812年之间，我们与波拿巴达达成和平并与他再次发生争执； —

we had made new constitutions and unmade them again, but the salons of Anna Pavlovna and of Ellen were precisely as they had been—the former seven, the latter five years—before. —
我们制定了新的宪法，又废止了它们，但安娜·帕夫洛芙娜和艾伦的客厅仍然和七年前以及五年前一样。 —

Anna Pavlovna’s circle were still speaking with incredulous wonder of Bonaparte’s successes; —
安娜·帕夫洛芙娜的朋友们仍然对波拿巴的成功充满了怀疑和惊奇； —

and saw in his successes, and in the submissive attitude of the sovereigns of Europe, a malicious conspiracy, the sole aim of which was to give annoyance and anxiety to the court circle of which Anna Pavlovna was the representative. —
他们在他的成功以及欧洲君主的妥协态度中看到了一场恶意的阴谋，唯一的目的是给安娜·帕夫洛芙娜所代表的院内圈子带来困扰和焦虑。 —

The set that gathered about Ellen, whom no less a person than Rumyantsev condescended to visit, and looked on as a remarkably intelligent woman, talked in 1812 with the same enthusiasm as in 1808, of the “great nation,” and the “great man,” and regretted the breach with France, which must, they believed, shortly end in peace.
围绕着艾伦的一批人，连如今仅仅是伦缪昂捷夫都屈尊拜访的人，仍然充满了对“伟大的民族”和“伟大的人”热情洋溢的谈论，并为与法国的决裂感到遗憾，他们相信这场决裂很快会以和平结束。

Of late after the Tsar’s return from the army, some increase of excitement was perceptible in these antagonistic salons, and they made something like demonstrations of hostility to one another, but the bias of each circle remained unaffected. —
最近，在沙皇从军队回来之后，这些对抗性客厅中有些许紧张情绪的增加，并且它们展示了对彼此敌对的一些示威，但每个圈子的倾向都没有受到影响。 —

Anna Pavlovna’s set refused to admit any French people but the most unimpeachable legitimists; —
安娜·帕夫洛芙娜的圈子拒绝接纳任何法国人，除非他们是最可靠的君主主义者； —

and in her drawing-room the patriotic view found expression that the French theatre ought not to be patronised, and that the maintenance of the French company there cost as much as the maintenance of a whole army corps. —
在她的客厅里，爱国观点得到了表达，认为不应该支持法国剧院，维持法国公司的成本相当于维持一个军团的开支。 —

The progress of the war was eagerly followed, and rumours greatly to the advantage of our army were circulated. —
战争的进展备受关注，流传的谣言大大有利于我军。 —

In the circle of Ellen, of Rumyantsev, the French circle, the reports of the enemy’s cruelty and barbarous methods of warfare were discredited; —
在爱伦、鲁梅昂采夫、法国人的圈子里，对敌人的残酷和野蛮战争手段的报告被怀疑； —

and all sorts of conciliatory efforts on the part of Napoleon were discussed. —
人们讨论了拿破仑的各种和解努力。 —

This set discountenanced the premature counsels of those who advised preparations for the removal to Kazan of the court and the girls’ schools, that were under the protection of the empress mother. —
这一派别否认了那些提议准备将法庭和女子学校迁往喀山的人的过早的建议，这些学校受到女皇母亲的保护。 —

The whole war was in fact regarded in Ellen’s salon as a series of merely formal demonstrations, very shortly to be terminated by peace; —
在艾伦的沙龙里，整个战争实际上被看作是一系列仅仅形式上的示威活动，很快会被和平解决； —

and the view prevailed, expressed by Bilibin, who was now in Petersburg and constantly seen at Ellen’s, as every man of wit was sure to be, that the war would be ended not by gunpowder but by those who had invented it. —
并且普通人的观点占了上风，就像比里宾所说的那样，他现在在圣彼得堡，经常在爱伦那里看到，因为他是聪明人，战争将不会以火药结束，而是由那些发明它的人来决定。 —

The patriotic fervour of Moscow, of which tidings reached Petersburg with the Tsar, was in Ellen’s salon a subject of ironical, and very witty, though circumspect, raillery.
莫斯科的爱国热情传到圣彼得堡，成为爱伦的沙龙的一个反讽而非常风趣的话题，尽管言辞谨慎。

In Anna Pavlovna’s circle, on the contrary, these patriotic demonstrations roused the greatest enthusiasm, and were spoken of as Plutarch speaks of his ancient Romans. —
相反，在安娜·帕夫洛芙娜的圈子里，这些爱国示威活动引起了最大的热情，并像普鲁塔克对待古罗马人一样被谈起来。 —

Prince Vassily, who still filled the same important positions, constituted the connecting link between the two circles. —
仍然担任重要职务的瓦西里王子构成了这两个圈子之间的纽带。 —

He used to visit “my good friend Anna Pavlovna,” and was also seen in the “diplomatic salon of my daughter”; —
他经常拜访“我好朋友安娜·帕夫洛芙娜”，也会出现在“我女儿的外交沙龙”中； —

and often was led into blunders from his frequent transitions from one to the other, and said in one drawing-room what should have been reserved for the other.
他经常在转场时犯错误，说了一些本应该保留在另一个沙龙中的话。

Soon after the Tsar’s arrival, Prince Vassily, in conversation about the progress of the war at Anna Pavlovna’s, severely criticised Barclay de Tolly, and expressed himself unable to decide who should be appointed commander-in-chief. —
在沙龙中，皇帝刚到之后，瓦西里王子在安娜·帕夫洛芙娜的谈话中严厉批评了巴克雷·德·托利，并表示无法决定谁应该被任命为总司令。 —

One of the guests, usually spoken of as a “man of great abilities,” described how he had that day seen the newly elected commander of the Petersburg militia, Kutuzov, presiding over the enrolment of militiamen in the Court of Exchequer, and ventured discreetly to suggest that Kutuzov would be the man who might satisfy all requirements.
一位通常被称为“才华横溢的人”的客人描述了他当天看到彼得堡民兵新任指挥官库图佐夫在国库法庭主持入伍仪式的情景，并谨慎地建议库图佐夫可能是能够满足所有要求的人。

Anna Pavlovna smiled mournfully, and observed that Kutuzov had done nothing but cause the Tsar annoyance.
安娜·巴甫洛夫娜悲哀地微笑着说，库图佐夫只是给沙皇带来了烦恼。

“I have said so over and over again in the assembly of nobility,” interposed Prince Vassily, “but they wouldn’t listen to me. —
“我在贵族大会上一再如此说过，”瓦西里王子插话说，”但他们不听我的。 —

I said that his election to the command of the militia would not be pleasing to his majesty. —
我说他当选为民兵指挥的这个决定对陛下来说是不愉快的。 —

They wouldn’t listen to me. It’s all this mania for being in the opposition,” he went on. —
他们不听我的。这都是因为人人都想反对，”他继续说道。 —

“And to what public are they playing, I should like to know. —
“我想问问他们是向哪个公众玩的。 —

It’s all because we are trying to ape the silly enthusiasm of Moscow,” said Prince Vassily, forgetting for a moment that it was at Ellen’s that that enthusiasm was jeered at, while at Anna Pavlovna’s it was as well to admire it. —
这都是因为我们试图效仿莫斯科那种愚蠢的热情，”瓦西里王子说着忘记了在埃伦那儿嘲笑这种热情，在安娜·巴甫洛夫娜这里，赞美这种热情才是更合适的。 —

But he hastened to retrieve his mistake. —
但他赶紧弥补了自己的错误。 —

“Is it suitable for Kutuzov, the oldest general in Russia, to be presiding in the Court? —
“库图佐夫，俄罗斯最年长的将军，适合在法庭主持吗？ —

Et il en restera pour sa peine! Did any one hear of such a thing as appointing a man commander-in-chief who cannot sit a horse, who drops asleep at a council—a man, too, of the lowest morals! —
Et il en restera pour sa peine！有人听说过这样任命一个不能骑马的人为总司令的事吗？一个在会议上睡着的人，还一个道德败坏的人！ —

A pretty reputation he gained for himself in Bucharest! —
他在布加勒斯特赢得了多么美好的声誉！ —

To say nothing of his qualities as a general, can we appoint, at such a moment, a man decrepit and blind—yes, simply blind! —
且不提他作为一名将军的品质，我们能不能在这样的时刻任命一个既年迈又瞎的人？是的，纯粹是瞎！ —

A fine idea—a blind general! He sees nothing. —
真是个绝妙的主意，一位瞎了的将军！他什么都看不见。 —

Playing blind-man’s buff—that’s all he’s fit for!”
只适合玩捉迷藏而已！”

No one opposed that view.
没有人反对这个观点。

On the 24th of July it was accepted as perfectly correct. —
7月24日，这一决定被认为是完全正确的。 —

But on the 29th Kutuzov received the title of prince. —
但是在29日，库图佐夫获得了王子的头衔。 —

The bestowal of this title might be taken to indicate a desire to shelve him, and therefore Prince Vassily’s dictum still remained correct, though he was in no such hurry now to express it. —
这一头衔的赐予可能被视为是想要将他排挤出去的意愿，因此瓦西里王子的说法仍然正确，尽管他现在并不着急表达这一观点。 —

But on the 8th of August a committee, consisting of General Field-Marshal Saltykov, Araktcheev, Vyazmitinov, Lopuhin, and Kotchubey was held to consider the progress of the war. —
但是在8月8日，由萨尔蒂科夫将军元帅、阿拉克切耶夫、维亚兹米廷诺夫、洛普欣和科契贝伊组成的委员会会议召开，讨论了战争的进展。 —

This committee decided that the disasters were due to divided authority; —
这个委员会决定灾难的原因是权力分散。 —

and although the members of the committee were aware of the Tsar’s dislike of Kutuzov, after a deliberation they advised the appointment of Kutuzov as commander-in-chief. —
尽管委员会的成员们知道沙皇不喜欢库图佐夫，但在经过详细讨论之后，他们建议任命库图佐夫为总司令。 —

And that same day Kutuzov was appointed commander-in-chief of the army, and intrusted with unlimited authority over the whole region occupied by the troops.
就在同一天，库图佐夫被任命为总司令，并被赋予对军队所占领地区的无限权力。

On the 9th of August Prince Vassily once more met the “man of great abilities” at Anna Pavlovna’s. —
8月9日，瓦西里王子再次在安娜·巴甫洛芙娜的房间里遇到了这个“非常有才能的人”。 —

The latter gentleman was assiduous in his attendance at Anna Pavlovna’s, in the hope of receiving, through her influence, an appointment on one of the institutions of female education. —
这位绅士非常勤奋地出席安娜·巴甫洛芙娜的聚会，希望通过她的影响力得到一个女子教育机构的职位。 —

Prince Vassily strode into the room with the air of a victorious general, of a man who has succeeded in attaining the object of his desires.
瓦西里王子一脚跨入房间，带着一个胜利将军的姿态，一个成功实现自己愿望的人。

“Well, you know the great news! Prince Kutuzov is marshal! —
“你知道这个重大的消息！库图佐夫成为元帅了！ —

All differences of opinion are at an end. I am so glad, so delighted!” said Prince Vassily. —
所有的分歧都终结了。我太高兴了，太开心了！”瓦西里王子说。 —

“At last here is a man!” he declared, looking sternly and significantly at all the company. —
“终于有了一个能人！”他严肃而有意味地看着全体成员。 —

In spite of his desire to secure the post he coveted, the “man of great abilities” could not refrain from reminding Prince Vassily of the view he had expressed shortly before. —
尽管这位“非常有才能的人”希望得到自己渴望的职位，但他还是忍不住提醒瓦西里王子他之前表达的观点。 —

(This was a breach of civility to Prince Vassily in Anna Pavlovna’s drawing-room, and also to Anna Pavlovna, who had received the tidings with equal enthusiasm; —
（这在安娜·巴甫洛芙娜的客厅里对瓦西里王子的不礼貌行为，也是对以同样的热情接受这个消息的安娜·巴甫洛芙娜的不礼貌行为。） —

but he could not refrain.)
但他无法控制自己。

“But they say he is blind, prince,” he said to recall to Prince Vassily his own words.
“但他们说他是个瞎子，王子，”他说着，提醒沃罗宁亲王他自己的话。

“Allez donc, il y voit assez,” said Prince Vassily, with the rapid bass voice and the cough with which he always disposed of all difficulties. —
“走吧，他看得足够了，”沃罗宁亲王用他那充满力量的低沉声音说道，还带着他常常用来解决一切困难的咳嗽声。 —

“He sees quite enough,” he repeated. —
“他看得够多了，”他重复道。 —

“And what I’m particularly glad of,” he went on, “is that the Emperor has given him unlimited authority over all the troops, over the whole region, an authority no commander-in-chief has ever had before. —
“而我特别高兴的是，皇帝给了他对所有部队，整个地区的无限权力，这是任何一位总司令从未拥有过的权力。 —

It’s another autocrat,” he concluded, with a victorious smile.
这是另一位独裁者，”他得意地笑着说道。

“God grant it may be,” said Anna Pavlovna.
“愿上帝赐予他这样的权力，”安娜·巴夫洛夫娜说道。

The “man of great abilities,” a novice in court society, was anxious to flatter Anna Pavlovna by maintaining her former opinion against this new view of the position. —
这位“才能出众的人”对朝廷社会尚属新手，他非常想通过坚持她先前的观点来讨好安娜·巴夫洛夫娜。 —

He said: “They say the Emperor was unwilling to give Kutuzov such authority. —
他说：“他们说皇帝不愿意给库图佐夫这样的权力。 —

They say he blushed like a young lady to whom Joconde is read, saying to him, ‘The sovereign and the country decree you this honour.’ ”
他们说他像一个听见《乔康德》读给她的年轻女子一样脸红，对他说，“君主和国家将这个荣誉赐予你。”

“Perhaps the heart was not of the party,” said Anna Pavlovna.
“也许他心里不高兴，”安娜·巴夫洛夫娜说道。

“Oh no, no,” Prince Vassily maintained warmly. Now he would not put Kutuzov second to any one. —
“哦不，不是的，不是的，”沃罗宁亲王激动地说道。现在他无法让库图佐夫排在任何人之后。 —

To hear Prince Vassily now Kutuzov was not simply a good man in himself, but idolised by every one. —
听到沃罗宁亲王现在把库图佐夫称为不仅仅是一位善人，而是每个人都崇拜的人，这些话让人感到惊讶。 —

“No, that’s impossible, for the sovereign has always known how to appreciate him,” he added.
“不，那是不可能的，因为君主一直很懂得如何去欣赏他，”他补充道。

“God only grant that Prince Kutuzov may take the control of things into his own hands,” said Anna Pavlovna, “and not permit any one to put a spoke in his wheel.”
“但愿库图佐夫亲王能够把权力掌握在自己手中，”安娜·巴夫洛夫娜说道，“不允许任何人在他的计划中搅局。”

Prince Vassily knew at once who was meant. —
弗拉基米尔·瓦西里立刻知道指的是谁。 —

He whispered, “I know for a fact that Kutuzov made it an express condition that the Tsarevitch should not be with the army. —
他低声说：“我确凿地知道库图佐夫曾明确要求沙皇子不得随军出征。” —

Vous savez ce qu’il a dit à l’Empereur. —
“您知道他对皇帝说了什么。” —

” And Prince Vassily repeated the words said to have been spoken by Kutuzov to the Tsar: —
瓦西里亲王又重复了据说库图佐夫对沙皇说的话: —

“ ‘I can neither punish him if he does wrong, nor reward him if he does well.’ Oh! —
“‘如果他做错了，我既不能惩罚他，又不能奖赏他。’哦！他可真是个精明的家伙，库图佐夫公爵。我认识他很久了。” —

he’s a shrewd fellow, Prince Kutuzov. I have known him a long while.”
“他们说，”那位不乏才华但缺乏一些朝臣手腕的人士说，“库图佐夫阁下甚至明确要求皇帝自己不得随军出征。”

“They do say,” observed the “man of great abilities,” who had not acquired a courtier’s tact, “that his excellency even made it an express condition that the Emperor himself should not be with the army.”
他话刚落，安娜·帕夫洛芙娜和瓦西里亲王同时转过身去，悲伤地相视一眼，对他的天真无知叹了口气。

He had hardly uttered the words when Anna Pavlovna and Prince Vassily simultaneously turned their backs on him, and looked mournfully at one another, with a sigh at his na?veté.
“但是有人说他是个瞎子，亲爱的朋友。”

“Mais　on　dit　qu’il　est　aveugle，mon
“Mais on dit qu’il est aveugle, mon ami.”