《哈姆雷特》翻译版本很多,最广泛的是朱生豪版,译文质量为国内外莎士比亚研究者所公认。朱生豪(1912-1944)著名翻译家,在战火纷飞的年代翻译莎士比亚著作,译作意译成分更多,当时的目的是传播这些作品。
本版本为江老师英语工作室直译版(版权所有,未授权禁止传播),目的是英语学习。本版本标出了古语词,疑难词,对长难句划分了句子结构,高中水平学生即可顺畅阅读。莎士比亚是语言大师,其句子语法修辞繁杂,熟读其作品,是增强英语语感的绝佳捷径。
句子成分标记:【主语】,〖谓语/谓语动词〗,〘宾语/表语〙,〔定语〕,[状语],〈补语〉,{插入语/主谓句},『词组/短语』
注:谓语在语法上包括谓语动词,宾语/表语,状语等内容,但状语位置灵活,标记时谓语仅包括谓语动词,宾语/表语。另简单句无需标记,长难句,倒装句会标记。
例:{Teacher Zhang}, [last night] 【I】 〖did 〘the exercises〙〗 [completely] [in classroom].
解释:张老师:插入语,last night:时间状语,I:主语,did:谓语动词,the exercises:宾语,completely:状语,in classroom:地点状语
句子成分决定句子的含义,有时语句带有歧义,同一句话,有不同的划分方法,也造成不同的含义:
例: 【I】 〖see 〘a boy〙 〔with a telescope〕〗.
解释:我看见一个带着望远镜的男孩,with a telescope:男孩的定语
例: 【I】 〖see 〘a boy〙〗 [with a telescope].
解释:我用望远镜看见一个男孩,with a telescope:谓语动词see的状语,用望远镜看
The Tragedy of 『Hamlet, Prince of Denmark』
Act I
Scene I. Elsinore. A platform before the castle.
Francisco at his post. 〖Enter to him〗 【Bernardo】
Bernardo: Who’s there?
Francisco: Nay, answer me: stand, and unfold yourself.
Bernardo: 〖Long live〗 【the king】!
Francisco: Bernardo?
Bernardo: He.
Francisco: You come most carefully [upon your hour].
Bernardo: ‘Tis(It is) now struck twelve; get thee(you) to bed, Francisco.
Francisco: [For this relief] much thanks: ‘tis(it is) bitter cold,
And I am sick [at heart].
Bernardo: Have you had quiet guard?
Francisco: Not 【a mouse】 〖stirring〗.
注:诗歌常省略助动词,应该是”is stirring”
Bernardo: Well, good night.
If you do meet Horatio and Marcellus,
The rivals of my watch, bid them 〈make haste〉.
Francisco: I think 〘I hear them〙. Stand, ho! Who’s there?
Enter Horatio and Marcellus
Horatio: Friends to this ground.
Marcellus: And liegemen to the Dane.
Francisco: Give you good night.
Marcellus: O, farewell, honest soldier:
Who hath(has) relieved you?
Francisco: Bernardo has my place.
Give you good night.
Exit
Marcellus: Holla! Bernardo!
Bernardo: Say,
What, is Horatio there?
Horatio: A piece of him.
Bernardo: Welcome, Horatio: welcome, good Marcellus.
Marcellus: What, has this thing appear’d again to-night?
Bernardo: I have seen nothing.
Marcellus: Horatio says 〘‘tis(it is) but our fantasy〙,
And will not let belief 〈take hold of him〉
Touching this dreaded sight, twice seen of us:
Therefore I have entreated him along With us to watch the minutes of this night;
That if again this apparition come,
He may approve our eyes and speak to it.
Horatio: Tush, tush, ‘twill(it will) not appear.
Bernardo: Sit down awhile;
And let us once again 〈assail your ears〉,
That are so fortified [against our story]
What we have [two nights] seen.
Horatio: Well, sit we down,
And let us hear 〘Bernardo speak of this〙.
Bernardo: Last night of all,
When 【yond same star 〔that’s westward from the pole〕】 Had made his course [to illume that part of heaven 〔Where now it burns〕],
Marcellus and myself, The bell then beating one,–
Enter Ghost
Marcellus: Peace, break thee(you) off; look, 〘where it comes again〙!
Bernardo: In the same figure, like the king 〔that’s dead〕.
Marcellus: Thou(you) art(are) a scholar; speak to it, Horatio.
Bernardo: Looks it [not like the king]? mark it, Horatio.
Horatio: Most like: it harrows(使苦恼) me [with fear and wonder].
Bernardo: It would be spoke to.
Marcellus: Question it, Horatio.
Horatio: What art(are) thou(you) 〔that usurp’st this time of night〕,
[Together with that fair and warlike form]
[In which] 【the majesty of buried Denmark】 〖Did sometimes march(齐步走)〗?
by heaven I charge thee(you), speak!
Marcellus: It is offended.
Bernardo: See, it stalks away!
Horatio: Stay! speak, speak! I charge thee(you), speak!
Exit Ghost
Marcellus: ‘Tis(It is) gone, and will not answer.
Bernardo: How now, Horatio! you tremble and look pale:
Is not 【this】 〘something 〔more than fantasy〕〙?
What think you on’t?
Horatio: Before my God, I might not 〘this〙 believe [Without the sensible and true avouch Of mine own eyes].
注:this believe,宾语前置,应该是:believe this。
Marcellus: Is it not like the king?
Horatio: As thou(you) art(are) to thyself:
Such was 〘the very armour〙 〔he had on [When he 〘the ambitious Norway〙 〖combated〗]〕;
So 〖frown’d(皱眉)〗 【he】 once, when, [in an angry parle(谈判)], [He smote 〘the sledded Polacks〙 [on the ice]].
‘Tis(It is) strange.
Marcellus: Thus twice before, and jump at this dead hour,
[With martial stalk] hath(has) he gone by our watch.
Horatio: 〘[In what particular thought] to work〙 【I】 〖know not〗;
But in the gross and scope of my opinion,
This bodes some strange eruption(爆发) [to our state].
Marcellus: Good now, sit down, and tell me, he 〔that knows〕,
Why 【this same strict and most observant(敏锐的) watch】 So nightly toils(苦干) 〘the subject of the land〙,
And why such daily cast of brazen(黄铜制的) cannon,
And foreign mart for 『implements of war』;
Why such impress of shipwrights(造船工人), whose sore(痛苦的) task Does not divide the Sunday from the week;
What might be toward, [that 【this sweaty haste】 Doth(Does) make the night joint-labourer with the day]:
Who is’t that 〔can inform me〕?
Horatio: That can I;
At least, the whisper goes so.
【Our last king】, 〔Whose image even but now appear’d to us〕, Was, {as you know}, [by Fortinbras of Norway], 〖Thereto prick’d(刺痛) on [by a most emulate(争强好胜的) pride]〗, 〖Dared to the combat〗;
[in which] 【our valiant Hamlet】– {For so 【this side of our known world】 esteem’d him}– 〖Did slay this Fortinbras〗;
【who】 [by a seal’d compact], 〖Well ratified by law and heraldry〗, 〖Did forfeit, [with his life], 〘all those his lands 〔Which he stood seized of〕〙〗, [to the conqueror]:
[Against the which], 【a moiety(部分) 〔competent〕】 〖Was gaged by our king〗; 〔which had return’d To the inheritance of Fortinbras〕, [Had he been vanquisher];
as, [by the same covenant(契约), And carriage of the article 〔design’d〕], 【His】 〖fell to Hamlet〗.
Now, sir, 【young Fortinbras】, 〔Of unimproved mettle hot and full〕, Hath(Has) [in the skirts of Norway here and there] Shark’d up a list of lawless resolutes, [For food and diet], [to some enterprise 〔That hath(has) a stomach in’t〕];
which is 〘no other〙– {As it doth(does) well appear unto our state}– 〘But to recover [of us], [by strong hand And terms compulsatory], 〘those foresaid lands 〔So by his father lost〕〙〙:
and this, I take it, Is the main motive of our preparations,
The source of 『this our watch』 and the chief head Of 『this 『post-haste and romage』 in the land』.
Bernardo: I think 〘it be no other but e’en(even) so〙:
Well may it sort 〘that 【this portentous figure】 Comes armed through our watch〙; so like the king 〔That was and is the question of these wars〕.
Horatio: A mote 【it】 is [to trouble the mind’s eye].
In the most high and palmy state of Rome,
A little ere(before) the mightiest Julius fell,
{The graves stood tenantless} and {the sheeted dead Did squeak and gibber in the Roman streets}:
As 『stars with trains of fire』 and 『dews of blood』, Disasters in the sun;
and 【the moist star】 〔[Upon whose influence] Neptune’s empire stands〕 〖Was sick almost to doomsday [with eclipse]〗:
And even the like precurse(预兆) of fierce events,
As harbingers(预兆) 〔preceding still the fates〕 And prologue 〔to the omen 〔coming on〕〕,
Have heaven and earth together demonstrated Unto our climatures and countrymen.
– But soft, behold! lo, where it comes again!
[Re-enter Ghost]
I’ll cross it, though it blast me. Stay, illusion!
If thou(you) hast(have) any sound, or use of voice, Speak to me:
If there be any good thing [to be done],
That may to thee(you) do ease and grace to me, Speak to me:
[Cock crows]
If thou(you) art(are) privy [to thy(your) country’s fate],
Which, happily, foreknowing may avoid, O, speak!
Or if thou(you) hast(have) uphoarded(积攒) [in thy(your) life] Extorted(勒索敲诈的) treasure [in the womb(子宫;孕育处) of earth],
For which, they say, you spirits oft(often) walk in death,
Speak of it: stay, and speak! Stop it, Marcellus.
Marcellus: Shall I strike at it [with my partisan]?
Horatio: Do, if it will not stand.
Bernardo: ‘Tis(It is) here!
Horatio: ‘Tis(It is) here!
Marcellus: ‘Tis(It is) gone!
Exit Ghost
We do it wrong, [being so majestical], To offer it the show of violence;
For it is, as the air, invulnerable,
Bernardo: It was about to speak, when the cock crew.
Horatio: And then it started(跳动) [like a guilty thing] [Upon a fearful summons]. I have heard,
Doth(Does) [with his lofty and shrill-sounding throat] Awake the god of day; and, at his warning,
Whether in sea or fire, in earth or air,
【The extravagant and erring spirit】 hies To his confine: and [of the truth herein] {This present object made probation}.
注:of = about
Marcellus: It faded [on the crowing of the cock].
Some say 〘that ever [‘gainst(against) that season comes 〔Wherein our Saviour’s birth is celebrated〕], The bird of dawning singeth all night long〙:
And then, they say, no spirit dares stir abroad;
The nights are wholesome; then no planets strike,
No fairy takes, nor witch hath(has) power to charm,
So hallow’d and so gracious is the time.
Horatio: So have I heard and do [in part] believe it.
But, look, the morn, in russet mantle clad,
Walks [o’er(over) the dew of yon(that) high eastward hill]:
Break we our watch up; and by my advice,
Let us impart 〘what we have seen to-night〙 [Unto young Hamlet];
for, upon my life, This spirit, 〔dumb to us〕, will speak to him.
Do you consent 〘we shall acquaint him [with it]〙,
As needful in our loves, fitting our duty?
Marcellus: Let’s do’t, I pray; and I this morning know 〘Where we shall find him most conveniently〙.
Exeunt